Hezbollah the changing face of terrorism pdf merge

Iranian and hezbollah operations in south america then and now by matthew levitt s ince at least the early 1980s, iran has operated an intelligence network in latin america hezbollah soon followed suit. The changing face of terrorism judith palmer harik on amazon. This fact led terrorist scholar daniel byman to refer to hezbollah as the single most. How will the seismic political shifts underway affect the. Hezbollah, having insulated itself politically by joining the lebanese cabinet for the first time in. I can assure you that those of us who have focused on terrorism for the entire period since 911 have never taken our eye off of the. As a lebanesearmenian colleague of mine once astutely observed, the israelis have tried to treat.

Hezbollah and its history of international terrorism and violence. This week marks the 21st anniversary of the 1992 israeli embassy bombing. Shortly thereafter, he applied for naturalization and became a citizen in april 2009, all the while lying about his connections to terrorism. He subsequently served in strategic roles at the pentagon, the u. Ive partial reverted lihaas edit, in which they changed hezbollah leads the march 8 alliance to hezbollah is a part of the march 8 alliance. Jul 31, 2015 the main countries conducting counterterrorism ops against hezbollah are israel and the united states. It is far more dangerous than the revolutionary hezbollah of the 1980s due to both the means at its disposal and the double faced policy it employs. The group has killed more americans than any other. Today hezbollahs military wing controls the major faultline of the middle east. As former undersecretary of state richard armitage noted, hezbollah is the gradea of terrorist. From political confessionalization to confessional specialization introduction 1 consociationalism is a model of government, developed as a prescription for plural and divided societies, giving primacy in political representation to collectivities rather than individual citizens. Hezbollah by victoria silva hezbollah is a wellknown terrorist group based in lebanon, whose ideology is a radical interpretation of shii islamism, following the model of ayatollah ruhollah khomeini. In fact, germany has long been a center of hezbollah activity in europe, and for years german security officials saw hezbollahs terrorist chief imad mughniyeh, in close concert with iran, as the key leader of the groups efforts related to planning, preparing and carrying out terrorist operations outside of lebanon.

Introduction a research about terrorism and resistance needs careful examination of each term, both terms need conceptualization to draw lines of differences between both terms. The role of hezbollah in lebanese domestic politics. Merge the statements by hezbollah i think this part make many problems and everybody wants to add something. Hezbollah does not hesitate to harm the sovereignty of governments and foreign countries. Despite the classification of hezbollah as a terrorist group by several states. Hezbollah s terrorist threat to the european union. The british government adds hezbollahs military wing to its list of outlawed terrorist organizations.

Mar 22, 2016 daniel byman testifies before the house committee on foreign affairs subcommittee on the middle east and north africa on hezbollah s growing threat against u. Why hezbollah is a terrorist organization there must be a zero tolerance principle for transnational terrorism just as there is a zero tolerance principle for racism. Iran and hezbollah leveraged support from these networks to carry out the 1994 bombing of the asociacion mutual israelita argentina amia. Hezbollah mp nawwaf moussawi went on record to say that the groups membership had increased significantly since the 2006 war against israel. Hezbollah is an iraniansponsored, internationally sanctioned terrorist group with an antiisrael and antiu. Hezbollahs terrorist threat to the european union the. Terrorism the use or threatened use of violence terror in order to achieve a political, religious, or ideological aim hezbollah was responsible for the bombing of a tourist bus in bulgaria, killing five israelis an. Todays hearing on hezbollahs strategic shift is extremely timely.

Would it be a good idea to collect antiisrael quotations in a subheading under ideology. Terrorism and change terrorism has seemingly been the biggest buzzword of the past decade and a half, and to some, rightfully so. Even though hezbollah and hamas have in the past held different position on how to. Hezbollah is a militia trained like an army and equipped like a state, and its fighters are nothing like hamas or the palestinians, said a soldier who just returned from lebanon. Today hezbollah s military wing controls the major faultline of the middle east. Hezbollah shows all the elements of hybrid warfare. Kourani admitted to the fbi that he was accepted by hezbollah because his family is connected to a top official in the terrorist group. Changes include a repositioning and fortification of bases, increased use of unmanned aircraft and. The terrorist, who admitted belonging to hezbollah during his questioning, held a swedish passport and collected intelligence in preparation for an attack on israeli tourists visiting the island. Hezbollah, which was founded in the 1980s to fight against israeli occupation, is keen to portray itself to the world as a vital defender of lebanon. This is what deputy secretary of state richard armitage had in mind a few months ago when he pinned this label on hezbollah. Hezbollah arose amidst the chaos of the lebanese civil war to resist the israeli invasion of 1982. Hezbollah of the year 2006 is a pragmatic terrorist organization that is wellarmed, welltrained, and equipped with highly sophisticated weaponry.

Hezbollah regards terrorism not only as a useful tool for advancing its revolutionary agenda but as a religious duty as part of a global. The use of terrorism in the political arena in lebanon the operational strategy of hezbollah in the political arena is to walk on the edge 1. The president must be a christian, the prime minister is a sunni muslim, and the speaker of the national assembly is a shia muslim. It does not aim to cover all features of this organization, but rather focus on the transformation, in the opinon of author, from fundamentalist group to resistence and moderate potical actor. Hezbollah launches katyushas into northern israeli town. This leads the author to conclude that hezbollah s legitimate claim to be a resistance movement rather than a terrorist group has resulted in what she entitles chapter 12, americas halfhearted war against terrorism pp. Request pdf on feb 1, 2007, rola elhusseini and others published judith palmer harik hezbollah. Another way hezbollah fighters have augmented syrian forces is through acting as advisers and trainers for the syrian military and paramilitary forces, either in an embedded or partnered capacity.

The role of hezbollah in lebanese domestic politics augustus richard norton hezbollah is the product of a quarter century of history. Some, such as the united states, clearly view this organization as a terrorist group, highlighted by richard armitages statement that, hezbollah may be the ateam of terrorists and maybe al qaeda is actually the bteam. Security council resolution 1559, jointly sponsored by france and the united states, calls for the disarming of. It was especially important to reject or heavily qualify the partys terrorist label as well as to deny.

Hezbollah regards terrorism not only as a useful tool for advancing its revolutionary agenda but also as a religious duty as part of a. Hezbollah hezbollah the changing face of terrorismjudith palmer harik published in 2004 by i. But hezbollahs leader, sheikh hasan nasrallah, who we met in beirut, insists that his group no longer poses a threat to the u. Background and issues for congress congressional research service 1 overview and key issues lebanons hezbollah1 party of god is a shiite islamist militia, political party, social welfare. During the 1980s, the cia and israeli intelligence began targeting hezbollahs leadership. The emergent relationship between iran, hezbollah, and hamas is especially noteworthy in its potential to turn gaza into a genuine southern front against israel. With all of the focus on isis and alqaida, i can assure you that those of us who have focused on terrorism for the entire period since 911 have never taken our eye off of the hezbollah threat. The changing face of terrorism by judith palmer harik. Hezbollah has suffered serious casualties in syria, but also feels emboldened by its battlefield successes and may seek to flex its muscles globally.

Putting hezbollah on the eu terrorism list also would help stabilize lebanon. Hezbollah, also known as the party of god, is a radical shia muslim group fighting against israel and western imperialism in lebanon. Hezbollah changes battle tactics to fight syrian rebels the. Aug 07, 2006 sheik nasrallah said to have been advised by the secretive imad mugniyeh, a trained engineer wanted by the united states on terrorism charges thereby improved hezbollahs security and. This assault comes amidst almost daily hezbollah attacks against israeli troops in shebba farms. Background and issues for congress congressional research service 1 overview and key issues lebanons hezbollah1 party of god is a shiite islamist militia, political party, social welfare organization, and u. Hezbollah has remained ideologically true to its hardline theocratic raison detre despite its carefully cultivated image as a modernised, fully integrated political apparatus.

The director of the institutes stein program on counterterrorism and intelligence testified before the house regarding hezbollahs growing terrorist activity worldwide. Despite the classification of hezbollah as a terrorist group by several states, hezbollah is recognized as a legitimate political party within lebanon. The new hezbollah manifesto november 2009 hezbollahs new political document aims to define the political vision of the party. Hezbollah has been active in america for decades the. The changing face of terrorism see note 2 above, 171. How to prevent a third lebanon war colonel vincent alcazar united states served as a fighter pilot in operations desert storm and southern watch as well as various other post 911 theatres. Will syrian withdrawal send the country back into civil war. To the us, hezbollah represents one of the most dangerous terrorist networks in the world. Since the assassination of rafik hariri in early 2005, lebanese politics has been plunged into a new era. If his boasts are true, a simple look of his family would have tipped off the u. Hezbollahs organized criminal enterprises in europe.

Hezbollah may be the ateam of terrorists and maybe alqaeda is. Rejecting or understating hezbollahs global reach and terrorism. Hezbollah is primarily based in lebanon, but has carried out terrorist and criminal operations around the world. Urbancic, principal deputy coordinator for counterterrorism to the house committee on international relations subcommittee on international terrorism and nonproliferation and subcommittee on middle east and central asia. The main countries conducting counterterrorism ops against hezbollah are israel and the united states. It receives financial and political support from iran and syria, and its paramilitary wing is regarded as a resistance movement throughout much of the arab and muslim worlds. The following is an excerpt from his prepared remarks. But we can also consider it nationalist since its origin was to expel foreign forces israel, u. Based amongst the poor shiite population, it takes its inspiration from the iranian revolution and the teachings of ayatollah khomeini.

Hezbollah party of god, the radical lebanonbased shiite revolutionary movement, poses a clear terrorist threat to international security. Failure to respond to that attack emboldened hezbollah, which incurred no cost for the attack. President obamas deputy national security advisor for homeland security and counterterrorism, john brennan, gave a speech on 26 october 2012 in dublin in which he called for the european union to label hezbollah as a terrorist organization the united states has included hezbollah in its list of terrorist organizations since 1995. Israel also waged war with lebanon in the 1980s with the goal of taking out the terrorist organizations located there, one of which is hezbollah. The changing face of terrorism provides detailed history of hizbullah, especially insightful, when it comes to the lebanese context and politics. Cypriot authorities arrested a 24 yearold lebanese hezbollah terrorist in limassol, who collected information on israeli tourists arriving on flights to the island. Hezbollah fighters have also led units comprised of iraqi shia militants, especially in damascus.

A history of terrorism hezbollah is an iranianbacked, lebanonbased terrorist network with global reach that poses a direct threat to american interests at home and abroad. The changing face of terrorism offers a history of hezbollah that is now outdated, so as with hamas this should not be the only book you read, but it provides a good starting point for learning about the basic origins and mission of hezbollah offering a look at the clanistic regional politics of lebanon. Hezbollah is a shia islamic militant group and political party based in lebanon. Hezbollah will likely face challenges resupplying its rockets and missiles in the near term. The group has killed more americans than any other terrorist group except alqaida and has carried out numerous attacks against israelis. A disciplined hezbollah surprises israel with its training.

Hezbollah changes battle tactics to fight syrian rebels. This event brought to power hafez alassad, the man who took the presidential position in. He said one of his brothers is the face of hezbollah in yater, lebanon and boasted that his familys name is like the bin ladens of lebanon. The group does not recognize the legitimacy of israel and it has been labeled as a foreign terrorist organization fto by the u. View all notes hezbollah broke off from amal, another shiaa militia, and merged with. About 1,000 core members and between 3,000 and 10,000 reserve fighters national consortium for the study of terrorism and responses to terrorism 2015. Israel invades lebanon to drive out the plos terrorist army, which had frequently attacked israel from its informal statewithinastate in southern lebanon. In promoting the lebanonized view of hezbollah, it was important to the proponents of this theory to distance hezbollah from regional and international associations. This fact led terrorism scholar daniel byman to refer to hezbollah as the single most effective adversary israel has ever faced and former deputy secretary of state richard armitage to opine that hezbollah may be the ateam of terrorists and maybe alqaeda is actually the b team. Jun 11, 2017 in 2008, he then joined hezbollahs islamic jihad branch. Hezbollah terrorists caught in us planning attack clarion. Hezbollah chief sheikh hassan nasrallah, 2016 ap images 1982 19821992 1983 1985 1985 hezbollah. Why hezbollah is a terrorist organization the jerusalem post.